Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) affects communication, social interaction, and behaviour. It can also affect how a person processes sensory information (for example noise, light, touch, or busy environments).

There is no “one way” to be autistic. Two people can have the same diagnosis and have very different strengths, challenges, and support needs.

1) Social communication and interaction

• Understanding social cues (facial expressions, body language, tone of voice)
• Knowing when to speak, how to join in, or how to keep a conversation going
• Eye contact (may feel uncomfortable or distracting)
• Building and maintaining friendships or relationships

2) Repetitive behaviours and focused interests

• Repetitive movements (e.g. rocking, hand movements)
• Needing routines and finding change difficult
• Deep interests that can be enjoyable, calming, or help someone feel in control

Repetitive behaviours can be a way to manage stress, anxiety, excitement, or sensory overload.

3) Sensory differences

• Being more sensitive to lights, sounds, textures, smells, or crowds
• Being less sensitive to pain, temperature, hunger, or tiredness
• Finding busy environments overwhelming, tiring, or confusing

The exact cause of autism isn’t fully understood. Research suggests it is linked to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Autism can be identified in early childhood, but many people are diagnosed later in life. Support needs vary widely — some people need a small number of adjustments, while others need significant ongoing support.